Selahaddin Eyyubi, 1138 y\u0131l\u0131nda Irak\u2019\u0131n Tikrit \u015fehrinde d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Daha sonra ailesiyle birlikte \u015eam\u2019a yerle\u015fti ve burada ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklular\u2019\u0131n Halep Atabeyi Nureddin Mahmut Zengi\u2019nin komutanlar\u0131ndan olan amcas\u0131 Esed\u00fcddin \u015eirkuh ve babas\u0131 Necmeddin Eyyub, Zengi\u2019nin Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u2019la m\u00fccadelesinde ve onun D\u0131ma\u015fk\u2019\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmesinde \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131. N\u00fbreddin, \u015e\u00eerk\u00fbh\u2019u ordu kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, Eyy\u00fbb\u2019u D\u0131ma\u015fk valili\u011fine tayin etti. B\u00f6yle bir ortam i\u00e7inde \u015fehzade gibi yeti\u015fen ve iyi bir e\u011fitim g\u00f6ren Sel\u00e2haddin gen\u00e7 ya\u015flar\u0131nda Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan seferlere kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve D\u0131ma\u015fk \u015fahneli\u011fine kadar y\u00fckseldi. Amcas\u0131n\u0131n hizmetine giren ve amcas\u0131yla 3 defa M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a sefere \u00e7\u0131kan Selahaddin Eyyubi hem Fat\u0131milere hem de Ha\u00e7l\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etti, usta bir kumandan ve devlet adam\u0131 olarak sivrildi.<\/p>\n
Nureddin Mahmud Zengi’nin M\u0131s\u0131r’daki ordusunun kumandan\u0131 olan Selahaddin, Zengi’nin vekili olarak M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131 ve M\u0131s\u0131r’a ba\u011fl\u0131 yerleri h\u00fck\u00fcmdar gibi y\u00f6netmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Selahaddin, M\u0131s\u0131r’a hakim olunca kendisine ve T\u00fcrkler’e kar\u015f\u0131 direnen Fat\u0131miler ile onlar\u0131 destekleyen Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar ve Bizansl\u0131lar’la m\u00fccadeleye giri\u015fti. M\u0131s\u0131r’a tam anlam\u0131yla hakim olan Selahaddin orduyu yeniden te\u015fkilatland\u0131rd\u0131. S\u00fcnni medreseleri ve yeni kurumlar a\u00e7t\u0131. Fat\u0131mi b\u00fcrokrasisini kademeli olarak tasfiye ederek, 1171’de Fat\u0131mi hilafetine son verdi ve Eyyubi Devleti’ni kurdu. Selahaddin-i Eyyubi, 1170 ve 1173 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, Kud\u00fcs Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131’na kar\u015f\u0131 seferlere \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca 1173’de a\u011fabeyi Turan \u015eah kumandas\u0131nda Yemen ve Hicaz’a d\u00fczenledi\u011fi seferlerle bu \u015fehirler devletin birer eyaleti haline getirildi.<\/p>\n
Nureddin Mahmud Zengi 1174’te \u00f6l\u00fcnce yerine on bir ya\u015f\u0131ndaki o\u011flu El-Melik\u00fc’s-Salih \u0130smail ge\u00e7ti. Selahaddin, Salih’e ba\u011fl\u0131 kald\u0131 ve onun ad\u0131na hutbe okuttu, para bast\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Kud\u00fcs, \u00fc\u00e7 semavi dinin de kutsal sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yer olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 her h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n hayali oray\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmekti. \u00d6zellikle Selahaddin Eyyubi Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015fgali alt\u0131ndaki kutsal beldeyi esaretten kurtarma hayalleri i\u00e7erisinde hareket ediyordu. \u201cKud\u00fcs i\u015fgal alt\u0131ndayken ben nas\u0131l g\u00fclebilirim..\u201d <\/strong>s\u00f6zleriyle haf\u0131zalar\u0131m\u0131za kaz\u0131nan Selahaddin Eyyubi, asl\u0131nda ilk k\u0131blemiz olan Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn ve Kud\u00fcs davas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini anlayabilmemiz i\u00e7in \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fahsiyetlerden birisidir. Kendisini bu u\u011furda yeti\u015ftiren ve hayallerini bu b\u00fcy\u00fck ve kutsal emele g\u00f6re in\u015fa eden m\u00fcbarek komutan, Salih’in de gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan 1181’de F\u0131rat’\u0131n do\u011fusuna ge\u00e7ti; Diyarbak\u0131r, Urfa, Harran, Rakka, Habur, Re’s\u00fcl’ayn, Dara, Nusaybin gibi el-Cezire b\u00f6lgesi \u015fehirlerini ele ge\u00e7irdi ard\u0131ndan stratejik \u00f6neme sahip Halep’i ele ge\u00e7irerek Kud\u00fcs yolunu a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n Hedefte Allah\u2019\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131 olunca b\u00fct\u00fcn yollar O\u2019na \u00e7\u0131kar. Kendisine Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc hedef edinen Selahaddin, girdi\u011fi her yolu Kud\u00fcs\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kartmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n Birinci Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi sonucunda kurulan ve kutsal \u015fehri i\u015fgal alt\u0131nda tutan Kud\u00fcs Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131’na ba\u011fl\u0131 ordu ile Selahaddin Eyyubi komutas\u0131ndaki \u0130slam ordusu, 4 Temmuz 1187’de bug\u00fcn \u0130srail’in kuzeyinde yer alan Taberiye G\u00f6l\u00fc yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi. Tarihe “H\u0131ttin Sava\u015f\u0131”<\/strong> olarak ge\u00e7en muharebeyi Selahaddin Eyyubi’nin askeri dehas\u0131 sayesinde \u0130slam ordusu kazand\u0131. Kud\u00fcs Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n askeri g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yok edildi\u011fi H\u0131ttin Sava\u015f\u0131, Kud\u00fcs’\u00fcn fethine giden yolu a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n Selahaddin Eyyubi, H\u0131ttin zaferinden yakla\u015f\u0131k 2,5 ay sonra, 20 Eyl\u00fcl 1187’de i\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki Kud\u00fcs’\u00fc ku\u015fatt\u0131. \u00dcnl\u00fc komutan\u0131n ku\u015fatma s\u0131ras\u0131nda Kud\u00fcs’\u00fcn zarar g\u00f6rmemesi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ve kutsal \u015fehri korumak i\u00e7in “Kud\u00fcs’\u00fcn, Allah’\u0131n kutsal sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 beldelerden biri oldu\u011funa b\u00fcy\u00fck bir inanc\u0131m vard\u0131r. Sizin de kutsall\u0131\u011f\u0131na inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bu beldeye muhasara ve sava\u015f\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi yollarla h\u00fccum etmek ve girmek istemiyorum.”<\/strong> ifadelerini kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinir. Ku\u015fatmay\u0131 k\u0131ramayan Kud\u00fcs’\u00fcn i\u015fgalci komutan\u0131 \u0130belinli Balian’\u0131n 2 Ekim 1187’de \u015fehri Eyyubilere teslim etmesiyle Kud\u00fcs’teki 88 y\u0131ll\u0131k Ha\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015fgali sona erdi. Ha\u00e7l\u0131larca tahrip edilen Mescid-i Aksa’y\u0131 kendi elleriyle s\u00fcp\u00fcren ve g\u00fcl ya\u011f\u0131yla y\u0131katan<\/strong> Selahaddin Eyyubi, Harem-i \u015eerif’i Hristiyanlara ait sembollerden ar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131. Fetih sonras\u0131 Kubbet\u00fc’s Sahra’daki ha\u00e7\u0131n da indirilmesinin ard\u0131ndan 88 y\u0131l boyunca duyulamayan ezan sesi yeniden \u015fehrin semalar\u0131nda yank\u0131lanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130mar faaliyetleriyle yak\u0131ndan ilgilenen Sel\u00e2haddin\u2019in devrinde Filistin, M\u0131s\u0131r, Hicaz ve Yemen\u2019de \u00e7ok say\u0131da medrese, z\u00e2viye, cami, k\u00f6pr\u00fc, kale, hamam in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Onun faaliyetleri kendisinden sonra gelen devlet adamlar\u0131na \u00f6rnek te\u015fkil etmi\u015f, Suriye ve M\u0131s\u0131r \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli ilim merkezleri haline gelmi\u015ftir. Hicaz b\u00f6lgesine, \u00f6zellikle Mekke ve Medine\u2019ye \u00f6nem veren Sel\u00e2haddin \u201cH\u00e2dim\u00fc\u2019l-Haremeyn\u201d<\/strong> unvan\u0131n\u0131 kullanan ilk h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olmu\u015ftur. \u201cBen buralar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 de\u011fil yaln\u0131zca hizmetkar\u0131 olabilirim.\u201d D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ile kendisini bir hizmetkar olarak \u0130slam\u2019a adayan ve \u0130slam i\u00e7in ko\u015fturan Selahaddin Eyy\u00fcbi\u2019den sonra \u201cHadim\u00fc\u2019l-Haremeyn\u201d unvan\u0131 Sultan Selim\u2019den itibaren Osmanl\u0131 Padi\u015fahlar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n Orta Do\u011fu’daki Ha\u00e7l\u0131 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belini k\u0131rarak \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc Avrupa’ya g\u00f6steren Selahaddin Eyyubi, 4 Mart 1193’te \u015eam’da vefat etti. Selahaddin Eyyubi’nin t\u00fcrbesi \u015eam’daki Emevi Camisinin yan\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor<\/p>\n D\u00fcnya tarihinde hakl\u0131 bir \u015f\u00f6hret kazanan ve \u00f6rnek bir sultan olarak g\u00f6sterilen Sel\u00e2hadd\u00een-i Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee, T\u00fcrk-\u0130sl\u00e2m tarihinin en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f kahramanlar\u0131ndan biridir. Mehmed \u00c2kif Ersoy onu \u201c\u015eark\u2019\u0131n en sevgili sultan\u0131\u201d,<\/strong> Frans\u0131z tarih\u00e7isi Champdor \u201c\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n en saf kahraman\u0131\u201d<\/strong> diye nitelemi\u015ftir. Sel\u00e2haddin kaynaklar\u0131n ittifakla belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re dindar, merhametli, c\u00f6mert, g\u00fcler y\u00fczl\u00fc, vakur, sa\u011flam iradeli, mert ve heybetli bir ki\u015fiydi. Her konuda N\u00fbreddin Mahmud Zeng\u00ee\u2019nin takip\u00e7isi, onun ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserlerin tamamlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olmu\u015f, yeni bir devlet kurdu\u011funu bile iddia etmemi\u015ftir. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar onun \u015fahs\u0131nda ideal bir sultan, Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar ger\u00e7ek bir \u0130sl\u00e2m kahraman\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Selahaddin Eyyubi’nin g\u00f6z\u00fcnde Kud\u00fcs, da\u011flar\u0131n \u00e7ekebilece\u011fi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kta bir dava idi, O, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f bir ana gibiydi. At\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnde bir oraya bir buraya ko\u015fard\u0131. \u0130nsanlar\u0131 cih\u00e2da te\u015fvik eder, caddelere \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p ya\u015flar bo\u015falan g\u00f6zleriyle `Ah \u0130slam ah! diyerek ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n Akka i\u015fgal edilince yemek yemedi. Doktorlar\u0131n\u0131n anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, Akka’n\u0131n i\u015fgal edildi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi cuma g\u00fcn\u00fcnden pazar g\u00fcn\u00fcne kadar a\u011fz\u0131na yiyecek koymad\u0131. ‘Beyt\u00fclmakdis, kafirlerin elinde iken nas\u0131l yerim, nas\u0131l uyuyabilirim? diyordu. ”<\/p>\n \u0130\u015fi Vaktinden \u00c7ok Olanlar, Nureddin Y\u0131ld\u0131z<\/i><\/p>\n Kud\u00fcs i\u00e7in hay\u0131flanan, h\u00fczn\u00fcnden yemek yiyemeyen, “Mescid-i Aksa esaret alt\u0131nda iken evde kalmak caiz de\u011fildir.” deyip \u00e7ad\u0131rda yatan Selahaddin “ahiret i\u00e7in ya\u015fama” idealini Gazzali’den ald\u0131. Kud\u00fcs’\u00fcn g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131na e\u015flik etti. Haftalar aylar ge\u00e7ti, g\u00fclmedi, g\u00fclemedi. “Kud\u00fcs esirken g\u00fclemem” dedi. Hayat\u0131n\u0131n sonuna do\u011fru b\u00fct\u00fcn mallar\u0131n\u0131 Allah yolunda vakfetti. Riya kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r korkusuyla vakfiyeleri alim ve devlet adamlar\u0131 ad\u0131na yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n H\u00fck\u00fcm Dergisi<\/i><\/p>\n \u015eehit Filistinli \u00d6mer\u2019in dedi\u011fi gibi “Selahaddin’i bekleme, Selahaddin ol!”<\/p>\n Haydar Karaalp, M. T. (2019, 03 04). Kud\u00fcs Fatihi: Selahaddin-i Eyy\u00fcbi. 03 01, 2021 tarihinde Anadolu Ajans\u0131 : https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/tr\/dunya\/kudus-fatihi-selahaddin-i-eyyubi\/1408457 adresinden al\u0131nd\u0131<\/p>\n \u015eE\u015eEN, R. (2013). Selahaddin-i Eyy\u00fcbi. T\u00fcrkiye Diyanet Vakf\u0131 \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi, 337-340.<\/p>\n TRT BELGESEL. (2019, 06 28). Sava\u015f\u0131n Efsaneleri: Selahaddin Eyyubi. 03 01, 2021 tarihinde youtube: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CsGpRU40PNw adresinden al\u0131nd\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Selahaddin Eyyubi, 1138 y\u0131l\u0131nda Irak\u2019\u0131n Tikrit \u015fehrinde d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Daha sonra ailesiyle birlikte \u015eam\u2019a yerle\u015fti ve burada ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklular\u2019\u0131n Halep Atabeyi Nureddin Mahmut Zengi\u2019nin komutanlar\u0131ndan olan amcas\u0131 Esed\u00fcddin \u015eirkuh ve babas\u0131 Necmeddin Eyyub, Zengi\u2019nin Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u2019la m\u00fccadelesinde ve onun D\u0131ma\u015fk\u2019\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmesinde \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131. N\u00fbreddin, \u015e\u00eerk\u00fbh\u2019u ordu kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, Eyy\u00fbb\u2019u D\u0131ma\u015fk valili\u011fine tayin etti….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":1357,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[46],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nKaynak\u00e7a<\/h6>\n